The train route so far links the Iranian city of Khaf with the Afghan town of Rozanak about 150 kilometres (95 miles) away, but is scheduled to be expanded to reach Herat, Afghanistan’s third largest city.
Crowds of Afghans gathered at Rozanak station for the arrival of the first blue painted train.
Afghan President Ashraf Ghani, addressing the ceremony via video link, welcomed the move as an “important step for economic revival and development in both the countries”.
The project was a gateway to Europe for Afghanistan, said Iranian President Hassan Rouhani.
“I see the prosperity of Iran and Afghanistan in this railway,” he said, also speaking via video link from Tehran.
“The development, security and stability of Afghanistan (contributes to) development, security and stability in Iran and the entire region.”
Residents of Rozanak welcomed the new link.
“It is going to change our villages, towns and cities into business hubs,” said Arbab Ghulam Reza, a farmer from Rozanak.
“It was also very difficult for our young boys to go to Iran for work. Now they can simply buy a train ticket and go.”
Once completed, the 225 kilometre network would help transport six million tonnes of goods and a million passengers annually, officials said.
The Khaf-Herat network would later be connected to Central Asian and Chinese rail networks, officials said. Decades of war and neglect have destroyed Afghanistan’s infrastructure, making its roads and bridges nearly impassable.
But despite the worsening security situation, efforts to rebuild roads and railway networks have always been a top priority of the Afghan government and the donor community. In 2016, the first railway link between northern neighbour Turkmenistan and Afghanistan opened. That link is planned to eventually extend to Tajikistan.
Coronavirus entered Afghanistan in February, as thousands of migrants returned from neighbouring Iran, which at the time was the region’s worst-hit nation. Afghanistan briefly suspended land and air routes with Iran, before reopening all of its borders with the country.
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